Influenza treatment, methods of prevention, and groups most exposed to it

What is influenza?

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The flu is most common during the winter months.

Prevention:

The best way to prevent the flu is to get a flu vaccine every year. The flu vaccine is safe and effective for people of all ages, including pregnant women and children.

Other ways to prevent the flu include:

• Washing your hands often with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
• Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.
• Covering your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when you cough or sneeze.
• Not touching your eyes, nose, or mouth.

Treatment:

Most people with the flu will recover within a few weeks without treatment. However, there are some antiviral medications that can help to shorten the duration of the illness and reduce the severity of symptoms. Antiviral medications are most effective when started within the first 48 hours of getting sick.

At-risk groups:

If you are at high risk of complications from the flu, your doctor may prescribe antiviral medications even if you do not have all of the symptoms of the flu. People at high risk of complications include:

• Young children (under 5 years old)
• Adults 65 years of age and older
• People with certain chronic medical conditions, such as asthma, heart disease, or diabetes
• Pregnant women

Relieve symptoms:

In addition to antiviral medications, there are some things you can do at home to help relieve your symptoms:

• Get plenty of rest.
• Drink plenty of fluids.
• Take over-the-counter medications to relieve fever and aches and pains.
• Use a humidifier to add moisture to the air.

When to see a doctor?

Most people with the flu will recover at home without seeing a doctor. However, you should see a doctor if you:

• Have a high fever (103°F or higher) that lasts for more than 3 days.
• Have difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.
• Have a severe cough that produces thick sputum.
• Have a sudden dizziness or lightheadedness.
• Have seizures.
• Have severe vomiting or diarrhea.

If you are concerned about your symptoms or if you are at high risk of complications from the flu, see your doctor.