drug concentration is 1:1000 how much drug in 80 ml:
a- 50 mg
b- 80mg***
c- 500 mg
d- 1 gm
1gm-----------1000 ml
?-gm-----------80 ml
?=80/1000 =.08 gm = 80 mg
a- 50 mg
b- 80mg***
c- 500 mg
d- 1 gm
1gm-----------1000 ml
?-gm-----------80 ml
?=80/1000 =.08 gm = 80 mg
Medicialistists play a unique role in reducing the risk of a patient with medication errors in connection with the administration and in the management of local coordination and implementation of common drug concentrations in perioperative environments. By reducing the number of drug concentrations for intravenous medication concentrations, patients, anesthetists and other stakeholders of the healthcare system can through:
- enable the doctors and other providers to better understand the patient during the transitions of care, medicines and drug concentration (s)
- Reduction of security risk for patients if doctors and providers have to choose from several drug concentrations for administering
- Increasing patient safety, reduction in stress and costs by prioritizing "high alert" drugs for the standardization based on medical literature and evidence
- Reduction of incidence of drug shortages by the manufacturers less stressful in order to meet production for less frequently used concentrations
- Encourage the drug manufacturers to concentrate on the production of common doses or doses that can easily be watered down by a doctor, provider or pharmacist
Defining the standardization of the drug concentration:
- Local politics, including the determination of goals of the standardization of drug concentration, should take into account the perspectives of anesthetists, surgeons, other doctors, nurses and pharmacy staff.
- Standardization should include a limited sentence of concentrations for medication that has been marked as highly or known to have generated a significant number of unwanted events.
- Local institutions can try to harmonize concentrations within their drug libraries and work towards joint concentrations that are known to everyone involved who encounter and administer these medication.
- The aim of the standardization of the drug concentration should concentrate on the development of the lowest number of pharmaceutical concentrations in order to ensure safe, timely and effective clinical care.
The guideline should take into account the available guidelines and best practice:
Local politics should compensate for the goal of reducing the risk of patient damage through pragmatic considerations such as strength and quality of evidence, feasibility, the availability of medicinal products and the economic stress. Facilities and health systems can benefit from a thorough review and discussion of statements by the professional society, manufacturers of evidence and recommended drug doses in order to guide political development. Local politics can take into account the recommendations of the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA), the agency for health research and quality (AHRQ), the American Society of Health system pharmacist (ASHP), Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Safe drug practices (ISMP), the Joint Commission (TJC), the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA), the US Pharmacope Eye Convention (USP) and other national organizations with specialist knowledge in drug safety.
In order to reduce the possibility that an incorrect drug dose or concentration can be administered to a patient, anesthetists and other stakeholders should take these measures into account, among other things, for the standardization of medication:
1- identifying drug concentrations for certain types of procedures best suited.
2- Identification of pharmaceutical concentrations for patients who are supplied in specific surgical, procedural and diagnostic environments.
3- Limitation of several drug concentrations to more concise, but also safe and effective areas of the drug concentrations.
4- Coordination with pharmacy services to prevent mistakes during the sterile improvement of medicines with high alertation, and others that are known to cause medication to cause undesirable events.
5- Administration of identified intravenous medication with "intelligent technology" in programmable infusion pump using error reduction software.
6- Development and progress planning for lack of drugs on critical drugs
When standardizing medication, the stakeholders should consider the drug management guidelines issued by local institutions or required by accreditation organizations. As soon as the standardization of the medication is defined and agreed, all members of the perioperative and procedure should comply with the guidelines in the facilities in which they practice and routinely monitor the necessary changes of such guidelines. The testing and compliance with medication guidelines should be treated in accordance with other locally developed and implemented guidelines.
