The primary direction of spread of infection in the mandible is to submandibular lymph node?
A. True
B. False.***
**(The three primary spaces are the submental, sublingual, and submandibular spaces).
-------------------------------
Swollen lymph nodes usually occur as a result of exposure to bacteria or viruses. When the cause of swollen lymph nodes is an infection, it is called lymphadenitis. Rarely, the cause of swollen lymph nodes is cancer.
Your lymph nodes, also called lymph glands, play a fundamental role in the body's ability to fight infections. They function as filters, and trap viruses, bacteria and other causes of disease before they can infect other parts of the body. Frequent areas where you can notice swollen lymph nodes are in the neck, under the chin, in the armpits and in the groin.
In some cases, the passage of time and warm compresses may be the only elements you need to treat swollen lymph nodes. The treatment of lymphadenitis depends on the cause.
Symptom:
The lymphatic system is a network of organs, vessels and lymph nodes located throughout the body. Many lymph nodes are located in the region of the head and neck. Lymph nodes that swell frequently are found in this area, as well as in the armpit and groin area.
Swollen lymph nodes are a sign that something is not right in the body. Before swollen lymph nodes, you may observe the following:
- Sensitivity and pain in the lymph nodes
- Swollen lymph nodes that can be the size of a pea or a red bean, or even larger.
Depending on the cause of the swollen lymph nodes, other signs and symptoms you may have include the following:
- Runny nose, sore throat, fever and other signs of an upper respiratory infection
- General inflammation of the lymph nodes throughout your body, which may indicate an infection, such as HIV or mononucleosis, or an immune disorder, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis
- Hard ganglia, fixed in place and fast growing, indicating a possible tumor
- Fever
- Night sweats.
When to consult with the doctor:
Some swollen lymph nodes return to normal when the hidden condition, such as a minor infection, improves. Check with your doctor if you are worried or if any of the following is true in the case of swollen lymph nodes:
- They presented for no apparent reason
- They continue to enlarge or have been present for a period of two to four weeks
- They are hard or rubbery to the touch or do not move when you press them
- They are accompanied by persistent fever, night sweats or weight loss without apparent cause
Seek medical attention immediately if you have trouble swallowing or breathing.
Causes:
A lymph node is a small, round, or bean-shaped cluster of cells that is covered by a connective tissue capsule. Cells are a combination of lymphocytes (which produce protein particles that capture invaders, such as viruses) and macrophages (which destroy captured material). Lymphocytes and macrophages filter the lymphatic fluid as it moves through the body and protect you by destroying invaders.
The lymph nodes are located in groups, and each group drains a specific area of the body. You may be more likely to notice inflammation in certain areas, such as lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, groin, and those under the chin. The site where the swollen lymph nodes are can be useful to identify the hidden cause.
The most common cause of swollen lymph nodes is an infection, especially a viral infection, such as the common cold. Other possible causes of swollen lymph nodes include the following:
-Frequent infections
- Strep throat
- Measles
- Ear infections
- Dental infection (abscess)
- Mononucleosis
- Skin infections or a wound, such as cellulite
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): virus that causes AIDS
Uncommon infections:
- Tuberculosis
- Certain sexually transmitted infections, such as syphilis
- Toxoplasmosis: parasitic infection due to contact with feces of an infected cat or eating undercooked meat
- Cat scratch fever: bacterial infection resulting from a scratch or a cat bite
Immune system disorders:
- Lupus: chronic inflammatory disease that can attack the joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart and lungs
- Rheumatoid arthritis: chronic inflammatory disease that attacks the tissue that covers the joints (synovial membrane)
A. True
B. False.***
**(The three primary spaces are the submental, sublingual, and submandibular spaces).
-------------------------------
Swollen lymph nodes usually occur as a result of exposure to bacteria or viruses. When the cause of swollen lymph nodes is an infection, it is called lymphadenitis. Rarely, the cause of swollen lymph nodes is cancer.
Your lymph nodes, also called lymph glands, play a fundamental role in the body's ability to fight infections. They function as filters, and trap viruses, bacteria and other causes of disease before they can infect other parts of the body. Frequent areas where you can notice swollen lymph nodes are in the neck, under the chin, in the armpits and in the groin.
In some cases, the passage of time and warm compresses may be the only elements you need to treat swollen lymph nodes. The treatment of lymphadenitis depends on the cause.
Symptom:
The lymphatic system is a network of organs, vessels and lymph nodes located throughout the body. Many lymph nodes are located in the region of the head and neck. Lymph nodes that swell frequently are found in this area, as well as in the armpit and groin area.
Swollen lymph nodes are a sign that something is not right in the body. Before swollen lymph nodes, you may observe the following:
- Sensitivity and pain in the lymph nodes
- Swollen lymph nodes that can be the size of a pea or a red bean, or even larger.
Depending on the cause of the swollen lymph nodes, other signs and symptoms you may have include the following:
- Runny nose, sore throat, fever and other signs of an upper respiratory infection
- General inflammation of the lymph nodes throughout your body, which may indicate an infection, such as HIV or mononucleosis, or an immune disorder, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis
- Hard ganglia, fixed in place and fast growing, indicating a possible tumor
- Fever
- Night sweats.
When to consult with the doctor:
Some swollen lymph nodes return to normal when the hidden condition, such as a minor infection, improves. Check with your doctor if you are worried or if any of the following is true in the case of swollen lymph nodes:
- They presented for no apparent reason
- They continue to enlarge or have been present for a period of two to four weeks
- They are hard or rubbery to the touch or do not move when you press them
- They are accompanied by persistent fever, night sweats or weight loss without apparent cause
Seek medical attention immediately if you have trouble swallowing or breathing.
Causes:
A lymph node is a small, round, or bean-shaped cluster of cells that is covered by a connective tissue capsule. Cells are a combination of lymphocytes (which produce protein particles that capture invaders, such as viruses) and macrophages (which destroy captured material). Lymphocytes and macrophages filter the lymphatic fluid as it moves through the body and protect you by destroying invaders.
The lymph nodes are located in groups, and each group drains a specific area of the body. You may be more likely to notice inflammation in certain areas, such as lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, groin, and those under the chin. The site where the swollen lymph nodes are can be useful to identify the hidden cause.
The most common cause of swollen lymph nodes is an infection, especially a viral infection, such as the common cold. Other possible causes of swollen lymph nodes include the following:
-Frequent infections
- Strep throat
- Measles
- Ear infections
- Dental infection (abscess)
- Mononucleosis
- Skin infections or a wound, such as cellulite
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): virus that causes AIDS
Uncommon infections:
- Tuberculosis
- Certain sexually transmitted infections, such as syphilis
- Toxoplasmosis: parasitic infection due to contact with feces of an infected cat or eating undercooked meat
- Cat scratch fever: bacterial infection resulting from a scratch or a cat bite
Immune system disorders:
- Lupus: chronic inflammatory disease that can attack the joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart and lungs
- Rheumatoid arthritis: chronic inflammatory disease that attacks the tissue that covers the joints (synovial membrane)
Cancer:
Lymphoma: cancer that occurs in the lymphatic system
Leukemia: cancer of the tissue responsible for the formation of blood in the body, including the bone marrow and lymphatic system
Other types of cancer that have spread to (metastasized in) the lymph nodes
Other possible but rare causes include certain medications, such as phenytoin (Dilantin, anticonvulsant medication) and preventive medications for malaria.
Complications:
If the swelling of the lymph nodes is due to an infection, and the latter is not treated, the following complications are likely to occur:
- Formation of an abscess. An abscess is a localized accumulation of pus due to an infection. Pus contains fluids, white blood cells, dead tissue and bacteria or other invaders. The abscess may have to be drained and treated with antibiotics.
- Bloodstream infection (bacteraemia). Any bacterial infection of your body can progress to sepsis, which is an overwhelming infection of the bloodstream. Sepsis can progress to an organic failure and cause death. Treatment involves hospitalization and administration of antibiotics intravenously.
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