All of the following statements of Acyclovir are true except:
- A- It is a nucleoside antiviral drug
- B- It is converted to triphosphate and subsequently inhibits synthesis of viral DNA
- C- It is analogue of purine bolites.
- D- It is available topically and orally.
The correct answer is C- It is analogue of purine bolites.
Acyclovir is an analogue of purine nucleosides, not bolites. Bolites are metabolic products, while nucleosides are sugar-base compounds.
Here's a breakdown of the other statements:
- A- It is a nucleoside antiviral drug: This is true. Acyclovir is a nucleoside analogue that interferes with viral replication.
- B- It is converted to triphosphate and subsequently inhibits synthesis of viral DNA: This is true. Acyclovir is converted to acyclovir triphosphate, which inhibits viral DNA polymerase.
- D- It is available topically and orally: This is true. Acyclovir is available in both topical and oral formulations.
Acyclovir: A Closer Look
Acyclovir is a widely used antiviral medication effective against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the viruses that cause herpes infections and shingles.
Mechanism of Action:
Acyclovir is a nucleoside analogue that mimics the structure of guanosine, a purine nucleotide. Once inside a virus-infected cell, acyclovir is converted into acyclovir triphosphate, which competitively inhibits viral DNA polymerase. This prevents the virus from replicating, halting the spread of infection.
Therapeutic Uses:
Acyclovir is used to treat and prevent a variety of herpes infections, including:
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infections:
- Genital herpes.
- Oral herpes (cold sores).
- Herpetic keratitis (eye infection).
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Infections:
- Shingles.
- Chickenpox (in immunocompromised individuals).
- Postexposure prophylaxis for chickenpox in high-risk individuals.
Forms of Administration:
- Acyclovir is available in several forms, including:
- Oral tablets: Used for systemic treatment of herpes infections.
- Topical cream: Applied directly to the affected area for genital herpes and cold sores.
- Intravenous infusion: Used for severe or disseminated herpes infections.
Side Effects:
Acyclovir is generally well-tolerated, but common side effects may include:
- Headache.
- Nausea.
- Vomiting.
- Fatigue.
- Dizziness.
More serious side effects are rare but can include:
- Neurological problems (e.g., seizures, hallucinations).
- Kidney damage.
- Bone marrow suppression.
Resistance
While acyclovir is generally effective, viral resistance can develop. This is more common in individuals with frequent or severe infections, those with weakened immune systems, or those who have been treated with acyclovir for prolonged periods.
It's important to consult with a healthcare professional for appropriate diagnosis and treatment of herpes infections. Acyclovir can be an effective tool in managing these conditions, but it's essential to use it as prescribed and to be aware of potential side effects and risks.
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