Physiological reaction of edema on vital pulp:
a- Decrease tissue fluid by decompression of blood vessel.
b- Increase blood preasure. ***
c- Necrosis of pulp due to hyperoxia and anaryxia.
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Blood pressure is a measure of the force exerted against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood to your body. Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure.
If left untreated, blood pressure can lead to many medical conditions. These include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, eye problems and other health problems.
Blood pressure readings are usually given as two numbers. The top number is called systolic blood pressure. The lower number is called diastolic blood pressure. For example, 120 over 80 (written as 120/80 mm Hg).
One or both numbers may be too high. (Note: these amounts apply to people who are not taking blood pressure medications and for those who are not sick).
- A normal blood pressure is when the blood pressure is less than 120/80 mm Hg most of the time.
- A high blood pressure (hypertension) is when one or both blood pressure numbers are greater than 130/80 mm Hg most of the time.
- If the value of the higher number of your blood pressure is between 120 and 130 mm Hg and the value of the lower number is less than 80 mm Hg, it is called high blood pressure.
If you have heart or kidney problems, or if you had a stroke, your doctor may recommend that your blood pressure be even lower than that of people who do not have these conditions.
Causes:
Many factors can affect blood pressure, including:
- The amount of water and salt that you have in the body
- The state of the kidneys, nervous system or blood vessels
- Your hormonal levels
You are more likely to be told that your blood pressure is too high as you get older. This is because the blood vessels become more rigid with age. When this happens, blood pressure rises. Hypertension increases the likelihood of suffering a stroke, a heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease or premature death.
You have a higher risk of suffering from high blood pressure if:
- He is African American
- He is obese
- He is often stressed or anxious
- Drink too much alcohol (more than 1 drink a day for women and more than 2 a day for men)
- Consume too much salt
-Has a family history of high blood pressure
-Has diabetes
-Smoke
Most of the time no cause of high blood pressure is identified. This is called essential hypertension.
Hypertension caused by another condition or by a medication you are taking is called secondary hypertension. This may be due to:
- Chronic kidney disease.
- Disorders of the adrenal glands (such as pheochromocytoma or Cushing's syndrome).
- Hyperparathyroidism.
- Pregnancy or preeclampsia.
- Medications such as birth control pills, diet pills, some cold medications, migraine medications, corticosteroids, some antipsychotics, and certain medications used to treat cancer.
- Narrowing of the artery that supplies blood to the kidney (renal artery stenosis).
- Obstructive sleep apnea (AOS).
Symptom:
In most cases, there are no symptoms. In most people, high blood pressure is detected when they visit their health care provider or have it measured elsewhere.
Because there are no symptoms, people can suffer from heart disease and kidney problems without knowing they have high blood pressure.
Malignant hypertension is a dangerous form of very high blood pressure. Symptoms include:
- Strong headache.
- Nausea or vomiting.
- Confusion
- Changes in vision.
- Nasal bleeding.
Tests and exams:
An early diagnosis of high blood pressure can help prevent heart disease, strokes, visual problems and chronic kidney disease.
Your provider will measure your blood pressure many times before diagnosing high blood pressure. It is normal for your blood pressure to be different depending on the time of day.
All adults over 18 should measure their blood pressure every year. All those who have a history of high blood pressure readings or those who have high blood pressure risk factors should be measured more often.
Blood pressure readings that you take at home may be a better measure of your current blood pressure than those taken at the provider's office.
-----------------------
Blood pressure is a measure of the force exerted against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood to your body. Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure.
If left untreated, blood pressure can lead to many medical conditions. These include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, eye problems and other health problems.
Blood pressure readings are usually given as two numbers. The top number is called systolic blood pressure. The lower number is called diastolic blood pressure. For example, 120 over 80 (written as 120/80 mm Hg).
One or both numbers may be too high. (Note: these amounts apply to people who are not taking blood pressure medications and for those who are not sick).
- A normal blood pressure is when the blood pressure is less than 120/80 mm Hg most of the time.
- A high blood pressure (hypertension) is when one or both blood pressure numbers are greater than 130/80 mm Hg most of the time.
- If the value of the higher number of your blood pressure is between 120 and 130 mm Hg and the value of the lower number is less than 80 mm Hg, it is called high blood pressure.
If you have heart or kidney problems, or if you had a stroke, your doctor may recommend that your blood pressure be even lower than that of people who do not have these conditions.
Causes:
Many factors can affect blood pressure, including:
- The amount of water and salt that you have in the body
- The state of the kidneys, nervous system or blood vessels
- Your hormonal levels
You are more likely to be told that your blood pressure is too high as you get older. This is because the blood vessels become more rigid with age. When this happens, blood pressure rises. Hypertension increases the likelihood of suffering a stroke, a heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease or premature death.
You have a higher risk of suffering from high blood pressure if:
- He is African American
- He is obese
- He is often stressed or anxious
- Drink too much alcohol (more than 1 drink a day for women and more than 2 a day for men)
- Consume too much salt
-Has a family history of high blood pressure
-Has diabetes
-Smoke
Most of the time no cause of high blood pressure is identified. This is called essential hypertension.
Hypertension caused by another condition or by a medication you are taking is called secondary hypertension. This may be due to:
- Chronic kidney disease.
- Disorders of the adrenal glands (such as pheochromocytoma or Cushing's syndrome).
- Hyperparathyroidism.
- Pregnancy or preeclampsia.
- Medications such as birth control pills, diet pills, some cold medications, migraine medications, corticosteroids, some antipsychotics, and certain medications used to treat cancer.
- Narrowing of the artery that supplies blood to the kidney (renal artery stenosis).
- Obstructive sleep apnea (AOS).
Symptom:
In most cases, there are no symptoms. In most people, high blood pressure is detected when they visit their health care provider or have it measured elsewhere.
Because there are no symptoms, people can suffer from heart disease and kidney problems without knowing they have high blood pressure.
Malignant hypertension is a dangerous form of very high blood pressure. Symptoms include:
- Strong headache.
- Nausea or vomiting.
- Confusion
- Changes in vision.
- Nasal bleeding.
Tests and exams:
An early diagnosis of high blood pressure can help prevent heart disease, strokes, visual problems and chronic kidney disease.
Your provider will measure your blood pressure many times before diagnosing high blood pressure. It is normal for your blood pressure to be different depending on the time of day.
All adults over 18 should measure their blood pressure every year. All those who have a history of high blood pressure readings or those who have high blood pressure risk factors should be measured more often.
Blood pressure readings that you take at home may be a better measure of your current blood pressure than those taken at the provider's office.
- Make sure you get a good-fit and good-quality home tensiometer. It must have the appropriate size cuff and a digital reader.
- Practice with your provider to verify that you are taking your blood pressure correctly.
- You must be relaxed and sitting a few minutes before taking the reading.
- Take your home blood pressure monitor to your medical appointments so your provider can check if it is working properly.
Your provider will perform a physical exam to look for signs of heart disease, eye damage and other changes in the body.
You can also take tests to find:
- High cholesterol levels.
- Heart disease (heart disease), through tests such as echocardiography or electrocardiography.
- Kidney disease (nephropathy), through tests such as basic metabolic tests and urinalysis or kidney ultrasound.
Treatment:
The goal of treatment is to reduce blood pressure so that you have a lower risk of health problems caused by high blood pressure. You and your provider must set a blood pressure goal.
When considering the best treatment for high blood pressure, you and your provider should consider other factors such as:
- Your age.
- The medications you take.
- Secondary risks of possible medications to take.
- Other medical conditions you may have, such as a history of heart disease, stroke, kidney problems or diabetes.
If your blood pressure is between 120/80 and 130/80 mm Hg, you have high blood pressure.
- Your provider will recommend lifestyle changes to lower blood pressure to a normal range.
- Very rarely medications are used at this stage.
If your blood pressure is greater than 130/80, but less than 140/90 mm Hg, you are in stage 1 of high blood pressure. When thinking about the best treatment, you and your provider should consider:
- If you do not have other diseases or risk factors, your provider may recommend changes in your lifestyle and repeat the measurements after a few months.
- If your blood pressure stays above 130/80, but below 140/90 mm Hg, your provider may recommend medications to treat high blood pressure.
- If you have other diseases or risk factors, it is very likely that your provider will start treatment with medications while recommending changes in your lifestyle.
If your blood pressure is greater than 140/90 mm Hg, you have stage 2 high blood pressure. Your provider is very likely to start treatment with medications and recommend lifestyle changes.
Before making the final diagnosis of either high blood pressure or high blood pressure, your provider should ask you to take measurements at home, in the pharmacy, or elsewhere other than the doctor's office or the hospital.
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