What is diabetes?
Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that occurs when the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels. Blood sugar, or glucose, is the main source of energy for the body's cells. It comes from the food we eat and is regulated by the hormone insulin, which is produced by the pancreas.
Types:
In a person with diabetes, there are two main types that exist: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
- Type 1 diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce enough insulin, and glucose builds up in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and it requires lifelong insulin therapy to manage blood sugar levels.
- Type 2 diabetes:
Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, meaning the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin and doesn't use it properly. Initially, the pancreas may produce extra insulin to compensate for this resistance, but over time, it may not be able to keep up with the body's demands. Type 2 diabetes is most commonly diagnosed in adults, although it is increasingly being seen in children and adolescents, largely due to lifestyle factors such as poor diet and lack of physical activity. Treatment for type 2 diabetes may involve lifestyle modifications, oral medications, or insulin injections.
Complications:
Both types of diabetes can lead to high blood sugar levels, which, if left uncontrolled, can cause various complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and cardiovascular system. It is important for individuals with diabetes to manage their blood sugar levels through proper diet, regular exercise, medication as prescribed, and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels. It is also crucial to work closely with healthcare professionals to develop a personalized treatment plan and receive regular check-ups to prevent or manage any complications associated with diabetes.
