Rheumatic fever:
Rheumatic fever is a serious inflammatory disease that can develop as a complication of inadequately treated or untreated strep throat infection caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes. It primarily affects children between the ages of 5 and 15, although it can occur in individuals of any age.
What you should know about rheumatic fever:
Here are some key points about rheumatic fever:
- Cause:
Rheumatic fever is caused by an abnormal immune response to an untreated or inadequately treated strep throat infection. The body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, particularly those of the heart, joints, skin, and central nervous system.
- Symptoms:
The symptoms of rheumatic fever can vary, and not all individuals will experience the same set of symptoms. Common signs and symptoms include fever, joint pain and swelling (arthritis), chest pain, shortness of breath, skin rash, nodules under the skin, and abnormal movements (Sydenham's chorea). In severe cases, rheumatic fever can lead to damage of the heart valves, known as rheumatic heart disease.
- Diagnosis:
Diagnosis of rheumatic fever involves evaluating the individual's symptoms, medical history, and conducting a physical examination. Blood tests may be performed to check for the presence of specific antibodies and markers of inflammation. Additionally, an electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram may be done to assess heart function and detect any abnormalities.
- Treatment:
The primary goals of treating rheumatic fever are to eliminate the strep infection, relieve symptoms, and prevent further complications. Antibiotics, typically penicillin or other suitable alternatives, are prescribed to eradicate the remaining strep bacteria. Anti-inflammatory medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be given to alleviate joint pain and reduce inflammation. In cases of severe cardiac involvement, corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive medications may be necessary. Long-term antibiotic prophylaxis is usually recommended to prevent recurrent strep infections and further episodes of rheumatic fever.
- Prevention:
The best way to prevent rheumatic fever is to promptly and effectively treat strep throat infections with antibiotics. It's important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by the healthcare provider, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. Treating strep throat infections promptly can help prevent the development of rheumatic fever.
If you suspect you or someone else may have rheumatic fever or strep throat, it is important to seek medical attention for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Rheumatic fever can have serious consequences, and early detection and treatment are crucial to minimize complications and ensure optimal recovery.
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heart disease